home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=91TT2012>
- <title>
- Sep. 09, 1991: Honor to the Working Stiffs
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Sep. 09, 1991 Power Vacuum
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ESSAY, Page 72
- Honor to the Working Stiffs
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Barbara Ehrenreich
- </p>
- <p> Put another wienie on the fire for the working class.
- It's time for the annual barbecue in honor of the people who
- slaughtered the pigs, and made the hot dog, and trucked it to
- market and bagged it for you. The little guy and gal, that is,
- the working stiffs. They need all the honor they can get these
- days. At the rate blue-collar wages are falling, the U.S. is
- going to reinvent slavery in the next few decades, only without
- any of its nice, redeeming features, such as room and board.
- </p>
- <p> A job is supposed to be a ticket to self-respect and
- social betterment--at least that's what the pols tell us when
- the poor start clamoring for their welfare checks. But
- conditions in the low-wage end of the work force are beginning
- to look like what Friedrich Engels found in 19th century
- Manchester and described as immiserization. Within 10 miles of
- my suburban home, for example, there is a factory where (until
- they got a union contract a year ago) the workers slept in their
- cars and bathed in the restroom--because, at the minimum
- wage, housing was not an option. A few miles in the other
- direction, Salvadoran refugees get $125 in cash for 60-hour
- weeks of heavy outdoor labor. For them, upward mobility would
- be a busboy's job at $2.90 an hour plus a cut of the tips.
- </p>
- <p> Or I think of Jean-Paul, a Haitian-born janitor in one of
- the local schools. He's a janitor only at night. By day he
- works an eight-hour factory shift. That leaves eight hours a
- day, on average, for sleeping, eating, commuting, washing and
- brooding, as Jean-Paul often does, on the meaning of his life.
- </p>
- <p> These are not isolated, exotic cases. Nationwide, the
- fraction of the work force earning wages that are inadequate to
- lift a family out of poverty rose from 25.7% in 1979 to 31.5%
- in 1987. During the '80s, the average hourly compensation of
- all blue-collar workers, computed in constant dollars, fell
- $1.68, according to the Economic Policy Institute, and those who
- were earning the least tended to lose the most. In what some
- sociologists call the "new working class"--which is
- disproportionately made up of minorities and the young and
- female of all races--work may be a fine ingredient for an
- ethic. But it doesn't really pay.
- </p>
- <p> Ask a tweed-suited member of the better-paid classes
- what's gone wrong, and you'll get a lot of chin stroking about
- vast, impersonal forces such as declining productivity and
- global competition. But real wages fell faster in the '80s than
- in the '70s, while productivity rose faster in the '80s.
- Besides, executive salaries have soared in the past 10 years,
- and it's the executives who decide whether to invest in junk
- bonds or modern equipment and technology. Theories of the global
- economy may explain a lot of things, but they don't make it any
- easier for a U.S. worker to live on Third World wages.
- </p>
- <p> Or go to Washington, and you'll find an Administration
- that loves the working class--as a concept anyway. George
- Bush favors pork cracklings, and was probably munching on that
- well-known proletarian treat as he nixed the bill that would
- have extended unemployment benefits. Labor is like motherhood
- to most of our political leaders--a calling so fine and noble
- that it would be sullied by talk of vulgar, mundane things like
- pay.
- </p>
- <p> Even unions aren't much help anymore. Union workers earn
- 30% more, on average, than their nonunion counterparts, but
- there aren't many union workers left. Only 16.1% of the work
- force is organized, and that number is falling fast. Union
- leaders complain that it's hard to organize under a government
- that doesn't adequately enforce the rights of workers (to join
- a union, for example, without risking being fired). But the
- unions haven't exactly been exerting themselves. According to
- the Labor Research Association, the number of organizing drives
- keeps declining from year to year, and when unions do go to war,
- it's too often with one another. In 1990, for example, four
- major unions spent an estimated $40 million to $50 million
- battling one another to represent Indiana state employees--as
- if they were the last nonunion workers left on earth.
- </p>
- <p> This isn't just a labor problem. It hurts us all when hard
- work doesn't pay, and I'm talking about insidious, creeping,
- moral damage. Conservatives like to cite that ancient Puritan
- teaching: "He who does not work, neither should he eat." But the
- flip side of that stern motto should be written in the social
- contract too: "He who does work, does deserve a decent break."
- No footnotes about productivity, no disclaimers about global
- competition, no fine print about the rights of stockholders and
- CEOs--just a guarantee that hard work will be rewarded with
- some base line of comfort and dignity. This was the principle
- behind the minimum wage, even if it's much too low: that
- survival cannot be left to market forces or employer whim.
- </p>
- <p> Take that guarantee away and despair sets in, followed
- swiftly by cynicism and eventually maybe rage. For a man like
- Jean-Paul, it's the despair of knowing that his work, his
- energy, his very life, are valued at five dollars and change an
- hour, less than it costs him to pay for lunch. For his children,
- the response may be cynicism. The message from the Bureau of
- Labor Statistics is clear: Don't bother with a job. Go on
- welfare if you can. Rob a convenience store. Open up a cocaine
- dealership. Jobs are for chumps.
- </p>
- <p> We need a little less talk about the work ethic and a
- little more ethics in relation to work. The President could set
- an example by supporting, instead of threatening to veto, the
- bill that would prohibit the use of strikebreakers and give
- workers a fighting chance. Employers might think twice about
- spending more on union-busting "consultants" than a pay raise
- would cost. Unions ought to lead the way, not just with a few
- scattered organizing drives here and there, but with something
- far more evangelical--a national crusade, let's say, drawing
- on churches, communities and campus idealists. And what could
- be more American? The way to honor work, which we all claim to
- do, is first of all to pay for it.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-